当前位置：网站首页 » 新闻 » 内容详情

swallowing difficulty下载_xboxseries与xbox one(2024年11月测评)

内容来源：网络红人排行榜所属栏目：新闻更新日期：2024-11-28

swallowing difficulty

《药物简史》读书笔记：医学进步的曲折历程这周终于读完了《药物简史》这本书，正值全民战疫的早春，这本书显得格外有意义。读完后习惯性地刷了豆瓣，发现读过的人不到300人，看来算是小众读物。我想通过这篇读书笔记推荐给更多人，无论是医学工作者还是普通人，这本书都值得一读。这本书的英文原名是《Taking the Medicine - a short history of medicine's beautiful idea, and our difficulty swallowing it》，翻译过来更贴近《药物简史》。书名听起来像是在讲药物的发现过程，但实际上它讲述了人类如何“发现”药物，以及医生用药观念和医学统计学（循证医学）的发展历程。古代医学的迷思 𐟌🊊在古代，人类对药物的作用机制一无所知，因此药物更多是安慰剂或者营养补充。例如，苏美尔人的药材包括百里香、牛奶、无花果和椰枣；古埃及人的药材包括洋葱、芹菜、柳树、杏仁、肉桂和啤酒。从现代医学的角度看，这些药物基本没有科学依据。古代很多药物不仅无效，甚至有害。比如，名医盖伦主张的催泻药会加重病人脱水；将带细菌的泥巴混合物敷在伤口患处，反而让伤口愈合得更慢（古代认为伤口化脓是恢复的必要条件）；放血疗法被认为能包治百病，甚至用吸血的水蛭来治疗。17世纪的《罗马药典》中列出的数百种药物，基本都没啥用。因此，在落后的古代医学下，“最好的治疗方法，就是什么都不做”。不过，古代也有一些真正有用的药物，比如吗啡（从罂粟果实中提取）和奎宁（从南美金鸡纳树树皮中提取，能治疗疟疾并缓解发热）。这些都是人类偶然“蒙中”的自然馈赠，并不知其原理。染料的故事 𐟌ˆ 染料的发展竟然也推动了医学的进步。19世纪，德国化学家从煤焦油（苯）分离出了一种非常蓝的物质——亚甲基蓝，从而开启了化工染料的时代。苯胺紫、铂金绿等染料相继出现并实现工业化应用。染料的强大显色能力加上显微镜的发明，为人类打开了窥探生命运行机理的第一扇窗。德国知名化学家埃尔利希看到染料会选择性给特定细菌染色，而且“血清”里有某种“抗体”，能像“魔法子弹”一样对入侵的病菌进行打击。由此他得到启发，认为一定存在这种“魔法子弹”一样的药物，有选择性，能精准打击特定病菌。他甚至预测到了细胞表面“受体”的存在。抗生素时代到来了。这本书不仅有医学历史的价值，还让我们对药物有了更深刻的理解。无论是医学工作者还是普通人，都值得一读。

专栏内容推荐

600 x 500 · jpeg
Swallowing Issues Gastroenterologists in NYC | Dysphagia Treatment
素材来自:manhattangastroenterology.com
1500 x 1000 · jpeg
Multiple Sclerosis and Swallowing Problems (Dysphagia)
素材来自:verywellhealth.com

870 x 488 · jpeg
Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) - Gastroenterology San Antonio
素材来自:gastroconsa.com

2560 x 1920 · jpeg
PPT - Swallowing disorder (dysphagia) in children- Causes, Symptoms ...
素材来自:slideserve.com
1500 x 844 · jpeg
Dysphagia - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Diet & Treatment
素材来自:healthjade.net

1000 x 667 · jpeg
Dysphagia Or Difficulty Swallowing? | Alamo ENT Associates
素材来自:alamoent.com
2000 x 1333 · jpeg
Signs of Swallowing Difficulties - Slõ Drinks
素材来自:slodrinks.com

1264 x 843 · jpeg
Difficulty Swallowing | Conditions, Consultation & Treatment - PGL
素材来自:privategastrolondon.com
905 x 1280 · jpeg
Dysphagia | HSC Public Health Agency
素材来自:publichealth.hscni.net

856 x 510 · png
Swallowing problems in older age
素材来自:hamad.qa
2048 x 1365 · jpeg
Dysphagia - Signs And Symptoms | familydoctor.org
素材来自:familydoctor.org

2123 x 1411 · jpeg
Difficulty Swallowing Food? Learn the Facts About Dysphagia - Health Beat
素材来自:jamaicahospital.org
650 x 400 · jpeg
Dysphagia: Causes & Treatment For Constant Difficulty In Swallowing
素材来自:ndtv.com

903 x 478 · jpeg
Dysphagia: types, symptoms and causes
素材来自:specialeducationnotes.co.in

1073 x 831 · png
Swallowing Difficulties in Dementia | Hull University Teaching ...
素材来自:hey.nhs.uk
870 x 488 · jpeg
12 Causes of Difficulty Swallowing - Gastroenterologist San Antonio
素材来自:gastroconsa.com

300 x 202 · jpeg
Difficulty Swallowing Cypress TX | Dysphagia Treatment Tomball, Magnolia TX
素材来自:alliedgidoc.com
800 x 986 · jpeg
Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing): What It Is, Causes & Treatment
素材来自:my.clevelandclinic.org

1920 x 1280 · jpeg
Manage Dysphagia with Expert Treatment for Adults | TBC | Occupational ...
素材来自:talkingbrainscenter.com
600 x 417 · jpeg
Feeding a Child with Swallowing Difficulty (Dysphagia): Aspiration ...
素材来自:healthxchange.sg

300 x 225 · jpeg
Difficulty Swallowing: Causes, Signs and Treatment | UtoDent.com
素材来自:utodent.com
2482 x 1396 · jpeg
Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing) > Fact Sheets > Yale Medicine
素材来自:yalemedicine.org

1600 x 900 · jpeg
Dysphagia: Causes, symptoms, treatment of constant difficulty in ...
素材来自:hindustantimes.com

1587 x 2525 · jpeg
DYSPHAGIA (DIFFICULTY SWALLOWING) LOST : Your Survival Guide From ...
素材来自:goodreads.com
1000 x 667 · jpeg
Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia): Causes, Treatment and Home Remedies
素材来自:womensalphabet.com

素材来自:youtube.com

940 x 788 · png
Dysphagia(Swallowing Problems: Disease, Diagnosis, Treatment – Top ...
素材来自:topglobenews.com
1200 x 840 · png
Difficulty Swallowing | Causes & How to Treat It | Buoy
素材来自:buoyhealth.com

720 x 810 · jpeg
Dysphagia (Difficulty In Swallowing): Symptoms, Causes, And Diagnosis
素材来自:0rganiclife.blogspot.com
4084 x 2247 · png
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DYSPHAGIA | NHS
素材来自:nestlehealthscience.sg

1024 x 770 · jpeg
Dysphagia & Difficulty Swallowing - Trio Rehabilitation & Wellness ...
素材来自:triorehab.com
500 x 333 · jpeg
Difficulty Swallowing : Symptoms, Causes & Natural Treatments
素材来自:doctorshealthpress.com

1493 x 910 · jpeg
Swallowing, Dysphagia, and Feeding Problems - Pass The OT
素材来自:passtheot.com
2000 x 1000 · png
Swallowing Difficulties - Hills District Speech Therapy
素材来自:hdspeechtherapy.com.au

320 x 320 · jpeg
Typical Swallowing Difficulties in People with ALS | Download Table
素材来自:researchgate.net

素材来自:查看更多內容

当前用户设备UA：Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)